How does hardiness effect Interpersonal problems? The aim of this study was to examine the relation between hardiness and its three components including commitment, control, and challenge with Interpersonal problems and six aspects of these problems including assertiveness, sociability, submissiveness, intimacy, responsibility, and controlling. Two hundred and seventy-three students (97 males, 176 females) from different faculties of the University of Tehran participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete Hardiness Scale (HS) and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and regression analyses. The results revealed that hardiness and its components were negatively correlated with general Interpersonal problems and problems of assertiveness, sociability, intimacy, and responsibility. Statistical analyses showed that changes of Interpersonal problems were predicted by both control and challenge components of hardiness, while problems of assertiveness, sociability, intimacy, and responsibility were predicted by challenge only. Interpersonal problems are supposed to be influence by hardiness through positive evaluations, reinforcing the feeling of control and managing the situations; increasing self confidence; stress buffering; and positive Interpersonal Relationships (communicative variables).

Water Water deficit especially after heading is one of the most effective factors of wheat yield loss in Iran and across the world and identifying the physiological traits related to plant resilience is of great importance in screening for tolerant varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in stem reserves accumulation capacity and its Relationship with remobilization in some wheat cultivars. 22 wheat cultivars were cultivated in a split plot design with three replications, full irrigation and 40% of field capacity being main plots. The amount of accumulation and remobilization was estimated by measuring internodes weight and stem soluble carbohydrates content (WSC). Significant genotypic variation among cultivars was observed under both normal and drought conditions. Maximum accumulation was found in lower internodes followed by peduncle and penultimate using dry weight measurement method. In WSC measurement method, however, maximum accumulation was observed in penultimate followed by lower internodes and peduncle. Cultivars ranking based on accumulation was also different in two methods. Drought stress caused decline in internodes weight, WSC and yield and remobilization efficiency. The specific stem weight had the highest correlation with remobilization. Significant correlation was found between grain yield and remobilization, specific stem weight and WSC.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its Relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant Relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Introduction: Positive and healthy Relationships with others are the key to the growth and perfection of human beings and establish good Interpersonal Relationships is the most important factors of successful nursing profession. The aim of the study was to determine the association between attachment style and nurses Interpersonal Relationship.Methods: In this descriptive study, 260 of nurses were selected by random stratified sampling method in educational hospitals of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2013. The instrument used included: Revised adult attachment scale (RAAS), and the scale of Interpersonal relations from the Bar-Oven emotional intelligence questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistic (Mean, standard deviation and error standard deviation) and inferential statistic (One-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe’s test).Results: The results showed that majority of nurses (30.76%) were between secure attachment style and Interpersonal Relationships with correlation (P≤0.01), indicating that nurses with secure attachment had better Interpersonal Relationships.Conclusion: attachment style is effective and important in Interpersonal Relationships. People who have secure attachment, their Interpersonal Relationships are better established and this has impact on their professional activities.

identifying variables that affect the development of symptoms of anxiety is clinically important. Understanding how these variables work is crucial in the area of prevention and treatment of psychological disorders. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of Interpersonal problems in the relation between insecure attachment styles and anxiety symptoms. Three hundred seventy nine participants (181 females, 198 males) were asked to complete the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI; Besharat, 2011, 2013), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problem (IIP; Horowitz, Rosenberg, Baer, Ureno, & Villasenor, 1988), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS; Lovibond, & Lovibond, 1995). The results indicated that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the observed data. The correlations between insecure attachment styles, Interpersonal problems, and anxiety symptoms were significantly positive. Path analysis indicated that the relation between Interpersonal problems and anxiety symptoms mediated by insecure attachment styles. The findings suggested that the relation between insecure attachment styles and anxiety symptoms is not a simple linear one. Attachment styles affect anxiety symptoms partly through Interpersonal problems. Considering these variables may be important in preventing anxiety disorders and promoting mental health in general population.